Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas)

Assertive and adaptable, the bull shark moves with quiet certainty through both salt and fresh water. Its presence near river mouths and coastal shallows reminds us that the boundary between worlds — ocean and land — is never as fixed as it seems.

Scientific Snapshot

A bull shark swimming through clear coastal water, its broad body and steady motion reflecting quiet strength and confidence.

Scientific Name: Carcharhinus leucas

Common Names: Bull shark, Zambezi shark, Nicaragua shark

Average Size: Typically 2.4 to 3.3 meters (8–11 feet)

Habitat: Coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers; tolerates both salt and freshwater

Diet: Fish, rays, smaller sharks, and occasionally crustaceans or birds

Conservation Status: Vulnerable (IUCN Red List)

Range: Tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, often near shorelines and river systems

From the Field

The story…